符合阿贝原则的数控机床几何误差建模

赵壮; 娄志峰; 张忠宁; 王晓东; 范光照; 陈国华; 向华

doi:10.3788/OPE.20202804.0885

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符合阿贝原则的数控机床几何误差建模

微纳技术与精密机械 | 更新时间：2020-08-13

- 符合阿贝原则的数控机床几何误差建模
- Geometric error model of CNC machine tools based on Abbe principle
- 光学精密工程 2020年28卷第4期页码：885-897
- 作者机构：
  
  1.大连理工大学机械工程学院，辽宁大连 116024
  2.襄阳华中科技大学先进制造工程研究院，湖北襄阳 441053
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "赵壮 (1994-)，男，安徽六安人，硕士研究生，2016年于安徽大学获得学士学位，主要从事三轴机床几何误差测量及补偿模型的研究。E-mail:phezzll@163.com" ]
  范光照 (1950-)，男，中国台湾人，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事数控机床精度检测及加工误差补偿技术与关节式机械臂空间误差分析与补偿方法的研究。E-mail: fan@dlut.edu.cn FAN Guang-zhao, E-mail: fan@dlut.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1508211);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体资助项目(51621064);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51905078);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFF0204800);中央引导地方科技发展专项(2019ZYYD017)
- DOI：10.3788/OPE.20202804.0885
  中图分类号： TG659; TH161.5
- 收稿日期：2019-12-16，
  
  修回日期：2020-01-15，
  
  录用日期：2020-1-15，
  
  纸质出版日期：2020-04-15
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
赵壮, 娄志峰, 张忠宁, 等. 符合阿贝原则的数控机床几何误差建模[J]. 光学精密工程, 2020,28(4):885-897.

Zhuang ZHAO, Zhi-feng LOU, Zhong-ning ZHANG, et al. Geometric error model of CNC machine tools based on Abbe principle[J]. Optics and precision engineering, 2020, 28(4): 885-897.
赵壮, 娄志峰, 张忠宁, 等. 符合阿贝原则的数控机床几何误差建模[J]. 光学精密工程, 2020,28(4):885-897. DOI： 10.3788/OPE.20202804.0885.

Zhuang ZHAO, Zhi-feng LOU, Zhong-ning ZHANG, et al. Geometric error model of CNC machine tools based on Abbe principle[J]. Optics and precision engineering, 2020, 28(4): 885-897. DOI： 10.3788/OPE.20202804.0885.

摘要

为提高现有数控机床空间误差分析方法的准确度，本文基于阿贝原则对齐次转换矩阵(HTM)几何误差补偿模型进行优化。首先，推导出XYFZ型三轴机床适用的HTM几何误差补偿模型并给出模型正确使用的前提条件；然后，基于阿贝原则分析了三轴机床的空间误差传递机理，指出阿贝误差对机床定位精度的影响，给出理论计算公式并在机床运动轴上进行实验验证；最后，基于阿贝原则和布莱恩原则对现有的HTM几何误差补偿模型进行优化，采用该模型拟合体对角线空间误差，并与实测机床体对角线误差进行对比验证。现有HTM几何补偿模型可将机床空间误差由41.15 μm补偿至16.37 μm，补偿率为60.22%；优化后的补偿模型可将机床空间误差补偿至5.32 μm，补偿率为87.07%，提高了26.85%。实验结果表明，优化后的补偿模型更加合理，进一步改善了空间误差的补偿精度。

Abstract

In order to address the shortcomings of the existing space error analysis methods of CNC machine tools

the geometry error compensation model was optimized based on Abbe principle. First

the geometry error compensation model of the three-axis machine tool was deduced

and the precondition for the correct usage of the model was provided. Second

the mechanism of spatial error transfer of three-axis machine tool was analyzed

based on the Abbe principle. The influence of Abbe error on the positioning accuracy of machine tool was determined

and the theoretical calculation formula was provided and verified by conducting experiments on the moving axis of machine tool. Finally

the existing geometric error compensation model of HTM was optimized based on the Abbe principle and Bryan principle.This model was used to fit the diagonal space error

and compared with the actual measured diagonal error of the machine tool. The existing HTM geometric compensation model can compensate for the machine tool space error

altering it from 41.15 μm to 16.37 μm

with a compensation rate of 60.22%. The optimized compensation model can compensate for the machine tool space error

altering it to 5.32 μm

with a compensation rate of 87.07%

which is an increase of 26.85%. The experimental results show that the optimized compensation model is more reasonable

and further improves the accuracy of space error compensation.

关键词

Keywords

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